????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“植物新品種權(quán)”與美國(guó)的“植物專利”（Plant Patent）相呼應(yīng)，但又不能等同，故不能譯為Plant Patent，最為常見(jiàn)的譯法為Plant variety rights，也可譯為Plant breeders' rights。

Wikipedia中對(duì)Plant variety rights的解釋如下：

Plant breeders' rights (PBR), also known as plant variety rights (PVR), are rights granted to the breeder of a new variety of plant that give the breeder exclusive control over the propagating material (including seed, cuttings, divisions, tissue culture) and harvested material (cut flowers, fruit, foliage) of a new variety for a number of years.

With these rights, the breeder can choose to become the exclusive marketer of the variety, or to license the variety to others. In order to qualify for these exclusive rights, a variety must be new, distinct, uniform, and stable. A variety is:

· new if it has not been commercialized for more than one year in the country of protection;

· distinct if it differs from all other known varieties by one or more important botanical characteristics, such as height, maturity, color, etc.;

· uniform if the plant characteristics are consistent from plant to plant within the variety;

· stable if the plant characteristics are genetically fixed and therefore remain the same from generation to generation, or after a cycle of reproduction in the case of hybrid varieties.

The breeder must also give the variety an acceptable "denomination", which becomes its generic name and must be used by anyone who markets the variety.

Typically, plant variety rights are granted by national offices after examination. Seed is submitted to the plant variety office, who grow it for one or more seasons, to check that it is distinct, stable, and uniform. If these tests are passed, exclusive rights are granted for a specified period (typically 20/25 years, or 25/30 years for trees and vines). Renewal fees (often, annual) are required to maintain the rights.

再來(lái)看看植物新品種權(quán)的中文釋義及相關(guān)法條：

植物新品種權(quán)的概念有廣義與狹義之分，廣義上的植物新品種權(quán)是指育種者對(duì)植物新品種的生產(chǎn)方法及植物新品種所享有的獨(dú)占性的權(quán)利；狹義上的植物新品種權(quán)是指育種者對(duì)植物新品種依法享有的獨(dú)占性權(quán)利。

《中華人民共和國(guó)種子法》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱“《種子法》”）第二十八條規(guī)定，植物新品種權(quán)所有人對(duì)其授權(quán)品種享有排他的獨(dú)占權(quán)。任何單位或者個(gè)人未經(jīng)植物新品種權(quán)所有人許可，不得生產(chǎn)、繁殖和為繁殖而進(jìn)行處理、許諾銷售、銷售、進(jìn)口、出口以及為實(shí)施上述行為儲(chǔ)存該授權(quán)品種的繁殖材料，不得為商業(yè)目的將該授權(quán)品種的繁殖材料重復(fù)使用于生產(chǎn)另一品種的繁殖材料。本法、有關(guān)法律、行政法規(guī)另有規(guī)定的除外。

根據(jù)《種子法》及《中華人民共和國(guó)植物新品種保護(hù)條例》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱“《條例》”）的有關(guān)規(guī)定，植物新品種權(quán)的保護(hù)范圍是植物新品種的繁殖材料以及使用授權(quán)品種的繁殖材料獲得的收獲材料。繁殖材料是指可繁殖植物的種植材料或植物體的其他部分，包括籽粒、果實(shí)和根、莖、苗、芽、葉等。

綜上，植物新品種權(quán)譯為Plant breeders' rights (PBR)或plant variety rights (PVR)。

具體使用場(chǎng)景可參考如下雙語(yǔ)例句：

植物品種權(quán)是一種新的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，對(duì)于加強(qiáng)植物新品種的保護(hù)具有重要意義。

As a new kind of intellectual property rights, the plant variety right has important function.

第四條對(duì)于侵犯植物新品種權(quán)糾紛案件涉及的專門性問(wèn)題可以采取田間觀察檢測(cè)、基因指紋圖譜檢測(cè)等方法鑒定。

Article 4 Specific issues involved in the cases of disputes over the plant variety rightsmay be appraised by ways of field observation and measurement and genetic fingerprint detection, etc.

轉(zhuǎn)載自：旗渡譯問(wèn)網(wǎng)站  作者：旗渡多語(yǔ)信息中心

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