有權(quán)做

Have the right to do, be entitled to, may do, reserve the right to do, be (duly) authorized to do,

have the authority to do, do sth at one’s option or/and discretion, be liberty to do

這一組短語是都表示“有權(quán)做”。Be entitled to 表示 to give sb. the right to sth.(to sth.)體現(xiàn)該權(quán)利法律上的強(qiáng)制性。Reserve the right to do 表示 to have a specified power of right in law 體現(xiàn)法律上規(guī)定的權(quán)利。而 be authorized to do, have the authority to do 指經(jīng)授權(quán)而有的權(quán)利，至于 do sth. at one’s option or/and discretion 則指行為人自主決定的權(quán)利。

例1：The Buyer shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without prejudice to the Buyer's right to claim compensations.

盡管如此，買方有權(quán)撤消合同的全部或部分，概不妨礙買方索賠權(quán)之行使。

例2：In circumstance provided above in Clause 14.1 C or New Company shall, at its sole option and discretion, be entitled to transfer to B all or part of C or New Company's proprietary rights and ownership of the infrastructure project, under construction or after Completion Date, as liquidated damages, in lieu of computing and compensating the actual damages provided that such transfer shall be conducted of C's own free will or rendered in the arbitration award as stipulated in clause 23.

在上述第十四條第一款規(guī)定的情形下，丙方或新公司自行選擇決斷有權(quán)向乙方轉(zhuǎn)讓丙方或新公司的所有權(quán)及在建或竣工后基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的所有權(quán)的全部或部分作為約定的固定數(shù)額的違約金來替代計(jì)算賠償實(shí)際損害，但該轉(zhuǎn)讓應(yīng)為丙方自己自愿實(shí)施的行為或根據(jù)二十三條的規(guī)定基于仲裁裁決的處分。

例3：The Buyer shall establish the covering letter of credit before the date specified in Clause 3 of this Sales Confirmation, failing which the Seller reserves the right to rescind without further notice, or to accept whole or any part of this Sales Confirmation not fulfilled by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for losses sustained, if any.

買方須于銷售確認(rèn)書第三條所規(guī)定的日期之前開出本批交易的信用證。否則，售方有權(quán)不經(jīng)通知取消本確認(rèn)書，或接受買方對(duì)本銷售確認(rèn)書未履行的全部或一部分，或?qū)σ虼嗽馐艿膿p失提出索賠。

例4：The supervision personnel appointed by Party A and its representative shall have the authority to supervise the progress of work and give instruction.

甲方任命的監(jiān)管人員及其代表應(yīng)有權(quán)監(jiān)督工程進(jìn)度并發(fā)出指令。

有義務(wù)、有責(zé)任

have the legal obligation to do, be obliged to, shall do, be under the obligation to do, be liable/responsible to do, be liable/responsible for, 在英文合同中這一組短語都表達(dá)“有責(zé)任、有義務(wù)”。參看下例：

例 1：The Company has no legal obligation, absolute or contingent, to any other Person to sell any material portion of the assets of the Company, to sell any material portion of the capital stock or other ownership interests of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or to effect any merger, consolidation or other reorganization of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or to enter into any agreement with respect thereto.

本公司沒有完全或隨附的任何法律義務(wù)向任何他人出售公司資產(chǎn)的任何重要部分，出售股本的任何重要部分或本公司或其任一子公司的其他所有權(quán)權(quán)益，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)本公司或任一子公司的并購、合并或其他的重組或簽訂有關(guān)以上事項(xiàng)的協(xié)議。

例 2：RCII is not under any legal obligation, whether written or oral, to do any of the foregoing. 

公司沒有任何書面或口頭上的法律義務(wù)來做以上的任何一項(xiàng)。

例 3： In the case of dangerous and/or poisonous cargo (es), the Seller is obliged to take care to ensure that the nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package.

在危險(xiǎn)或有毒貨物的情況下，賣方有義務(wù)照管確保其屬性安全且應(yīng)在每一包裝上標(biāo)注通常采用的標(biāo)識(shí)。

例 4：

Within the time as notified by the Buyer, after its arrival at the port of shipment the Seller shall be fully liable to the Buyer and responsible for all losses and expenses such as dead freight, demurrage. 

在買方通知的時(shí)限內(nèi)，抵達(dá)裝運(yùn)港后，賣方應(yīng)對(duì)買方承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任并對(duì)諸如空倉費(fèi)、延滯費(fèi)等所有損失和費(fèi)用負(fù)責(zé)。

例 5：

The Seller shall not be held liable for failure or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods under this Sales Contract in consequence of any Force Majeure incidents.

賣方對(duì)因任何不可抗力事件導(dǎo)致本買賣合同項(xiàng)下整批或部分貨物未能交付或延誤概不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

轉(zhuǎn)載自：譯問  作者：旗渡法務(wù)中心